A Review on Characteristics, Techniques, and Waste-to-Energy Aspects of Municipal Solid Waste Management: Bangladesh Perspective

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a major concern for developing countries. The physical and chemical aspects of MSW infrastructure need to be analyzed critically solve the existing socio-economic problem. Currently, production is 2.01 billion tonnes/yr. In countries, improper poses serious environmental public health risks. Depending on framework country, several procedures have been established, including landfilling, thermal treatment, treatment. Most produced in underdeveloped countries such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan dumped into open landfills, severely affecting environment. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) projects based treatments, e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, can feasible alternatives conventional technologies. This research explored comprehensive method evaluate characteristics strategies from global Bangladesh perspective. benefits, challenges, economic analysis, comparison MSW-based WTE concisely. Implementing project reduce unsupervised landfill greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Alternative solutions innovations discussed overcome high capital costs infrastructural deficiencies. By 2050, establish total revenue (electricity sales carbon credit revenue) USD 751 million per year Dhaka Chittagong only. (LFG) recovery, recycling. pyrolysis energy production, syngas generation, metal recovery are possible future directions management. scenario upgraded by improving treatment policies working with government, academicians, environmentalists together.